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Government & Law

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		Ius Romanum: Pagina originalis ^Votes:0 Haec pagina marginibus (frames) utitur. Quos cum spectare nequeas, veterem pete paginam. Read More Go to Site


		How Excessive Government Killed Ancient Rome ^Votes:0 Volume 14 Number 2, Fall 1994 HOW EXCESSIVE GOVERNMENT KILLED ANCIENT ROME Bruce Bartlett Beginning with the third century B.C. Roman economic policy started to contrast more and more sharply with that in the Hellenistic world, especially Egypt. In Greece and Egypt economic policy had gradually become highly regimented, depriving individuals of the freedom to pursue personal profit in production or trade, crushing them under a heavy burden of oppressive taxation, and forcing workers into vast collectives where they were little better than bees in a great hive. The later Hellenistic period was also one of almost constant warfare, which, together with rampant piracy, closed the seas to trade. The result, predictably, was stagnation. Stagnation bred weakness in the states of the Mediterranean Read More Go to Site

		Notes on Roman Politics ^Votes:0 NOTES ON ROMAN POLITICS Nature of Roman Politics: The conduct of political affairs was heavily dominated by the senatorial class, particularly by a small number of noble families. The upper classes generally followed one of two informal political factions: Populares (the party of the people): The power base of this faction was the Assembly of the Tribes and the tribunes. Though also composed of Senators and nobles, this faction appealed to the interests of the commons. Today, we might call this faction left-wing. Optimates (the party of the best men or of the aristocrats): Their power base was the Senate. This faction promoted conservative policies that supported the interests of the wealthy and the old noble families. Today, we might call this faction & Read More Go to Site

		Polybius, U. of Saskatchewan ^Votes:0 To Home Page To Translations Menu Polybius 6.11.11-6.18.3: The Constitution of the Roman Republic John Porter, translator Notice: This translation is the copyrighted property of the author and should not be reproduced without the author's permission. Thanks are due to Professor Michael Swan for his many useful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this document. Any remaining errors or infelicities are, of course, those of the author. [Polybius here sets forth a general analysis of the Roman constitution at the time of the Second Punic War.] [6.11.11] I have already mentioned the three divisions of government in control of state affairs. Regarding their respective roles, everything was so equally and fittingly set out and administered, in all respects, that no one, not even any Read More Go to Site

		Republican Roman Government ^Votes:0 Republican Roman Government The Roman Republican Constitution Introduction The Romans never had a written constitution, but their form of their government, especially from the time of the passage of the lex Hortensia (287 B.C.), roughly parallels the modern American division of executive, legislative, and judical branches, although the senate doesn't neatly fit any of these categories. What follows is a fairly traditional, Mommsenian reconstruction, though at this level of detail most of the facts (if not the significance of, e.g., the patrician/plebian distinction) are not too controversial. One should be aware, however, of the difficulties surrounding the understanding of forms of government (as well as most other issues) during the first two centuries of the Republic. [For a mid-second Read More Go to Site

		The Twelve Tables of the Roman Law ^Votes:0 THE TWELVE TABLES (451-450 B.C.) This is the earliest attempt by the Romans to create a CODE OF LAW; it is also the earliest (surviving) piece of literature coming from the Romans. In the midst of a perennial struggle for legal and social protection and civil rights between the privileged class (patricians) and the common people (plebeians) a commission of ten men (Decemviri) was appointed (ca. 455 B.C.) to draw up a code of law which would be binding on both parties and which the magistrates (the 2 consuls) would have to enforce impartially. The commission produced enough statutes (most of them were already `customary law' anyway) to fill TEN TABLETS, but this attempt seems not to have been entirely satisfactory--especially to the plebeians. A second commission of ten was therefore appoin Read More Go to Site

		«Projet Volterra» \| Introduction ^Votes:0 University College London \| Arts and Humanities Research Council Peterhouse, Cambridge \| The British Academ y The Projet Volterra Contents Introduction to the Projet Volterra Projet Volterra I: Law and Empire AD193-455 CLICK HERE to go straight to Volterra I Laws Database Projet Volterra II: Law and the End of Empire The Projet Volterra in France Introduction to the Projet Volterra The «Projet Volterra» was established in honour of the memory of the distinguished Roman lawyer Edoardo Volterra (1904-1984), whose widow left his substantial and rich collection of Roman law books to the École FranÇaise de Rome [a catalogue of the older items, with reminiscences by relatives and colleagues, has now been published by Douglas Osler as vol. 3 in the series Bibliographica Iuridica (Frankfurt-am-Mai Read More Go to Site

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