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/Home/Sciences/Physical Science/Physics/Special Relativity The Lorentz Group Uning Rotations and Dilations Votes:0 Rotations and Dilations Create the Lorentz Group Rotations + dilations Implications In 1905, Einstein proposed the principles of special relativity without a deep knowledge of the mathematical structure behind the work. He had to rely on his old math teacher Minkowski to learn the theory of transformations (I do not know the details of Einstein's education, but it could make an interesting discussion :-) Eventually, Einstein understood general transformations, embodied in the work of Riemann, well enough to formulate general relativity. A. W. Conway and L. Silberstein proposed a different mathematical structure behind special relativity in 1911 and 1912 respectively (a copy of Silberstein's work is on the web. Henry Baker has made it available at ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/hb/hbaker/quaterni Read More Go to Site Introduction to Special Relativity Votes:0 Welcome to The Dog School of Mathematics presentation of The Dummies' Guide to Special Relativity The Special Relativity pages Chapter 0: The normal way Chapter 1: Operational Definitions Chapter 2: Einsteins Postulates Chapter 3: Space Trains Chapter 4: How Do You Measure a Fish? Chapter 5: An Aside Concerning Language Chapter 6: The Light Clock Chapter 7: A Visit with the Perplexed Chapter 8: The Twin Paradox Chapter 9: More On The Twin Paradox Chapter 10: Addition of Velocities and "Mass Increase" Chapter 11: Faster Than Light? Chapter 12: Relativity and the Focal-Plane Shutter Send any comments, criticisms or reactions to: dogschool@dogmail.com target="_top"> This Albert Einstein & his works. site is owned by Arfur Dogfrey . Ringmaster: Umeet Singh Want to join the Albert Einstein & hi Read More Go to Site A Direct Test of the Lorentz Length Contraction Votes:0 Click here to download the article in Microsoft Word format Space Interferometry Mission as a Test of Lorentz Length Contraction Curt Renshaw Tele-Consultants, Inc. 680 America’s Cup Cove Alpharetta, Georgia 30005 USA 770-751-3844 crenshaw@teleinc.com Abstract —A basic tenet of special relativity is the concept of length contraction seen by an observer in motion. Lorentz contraction, which changes the apparent location of a light source, combines with aberration, which changes the apparent direction to the source, producing a variety of effects. While aberration has been confirmed, Lorentz contraction has never been tested directly, due to the generally negligible size of the effect. As the earth orbits the sun, Lorentz contraction offsets the apparent position of a distant sourc Read More Go to Site C-ship: Relativistic ray traced images Votes:0 C-ship: Relativistic ray traced images Welcome aboard C-ship , exploring flight near the speed of light! C-ship helps you understand Einstein's theory of Special Relativity intuitively through the medium of computer-synthesised images. To view the images in this document, you need a graphics-oriented Web browser. We'll be looking at lots of pictures on our journey. Sending large pictures across the Internet consumes precious network bandwidth and can take a long time. So, I'll show small "thumbnail" views of most pictures, with words "GIF" and "JPEG" beneath the image. When you click on the word, you'll see the full-size image. Most of the images are understandable from the thumbnail views. It's up to you which images you'd like to examine in more detail. If your browser supports in-line J Read More Go to Site College of Science and Technology Votes:0 Skip to Left Navigation Skip to Content - Quick Links - Academic Calendar Arts Athletics Bulletins Colleges and Schools Disability Services Employment Graduate Studies Gulf Coast Campus Human Resources Libraries my.USM.edu Registrar Southern Miss Online SOAR SOARFIN Student Employment Teaching Sites Webmail Home Physics Labs Undergraduate Graduate Faculty & Staff Research Organizations Scholarships News & Events Contact Us A-Z Index - Directory Office of the Dean / About Us Dr.?Lawrence R. Mead Lawrence R. Mead, Professor Ph.D., Physics, Washington University of St. Louis, 1984 Bobby Chain Technology Office Location: 229 A Phone: 601-266-5302 Research Interests Many-body theory, field theory, and mathematical physics. Why is it that one cannot exceed lightspeed? What is a tensor? The varia Read More Go to Site Contents of Einstein's Theory of Relativity versus ClassicalMechanics Votes:0 Einstein's Theory of Relativity versus Classical Mechanics by Paul Marmet This Website is included in the PSIgate of the Consortium of Academic Libraries in Manchester, U.K. Where to get a Hard Copy of this Book Return to: List of Papers on the Web Go to: Frequently Asked Questions Table of Contents Preface and Copyright Chapter One The Physical Reality of Length Contraction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mass-Energy Conservation at a Macroscopic Scale 1.3 Mass-Energy Conservation at a Microscopic Scale 1.4 Mass Loss of the Electron 1.5 Change of the Radius of the Electron Orbit 1.6 Change of Energy of Electronic States 1.7 Experimental Measurements of Length Dilation in a Gravitational Potential 1.7.1 Pound and Rebka’s Experiment 1.7.2 The Solar Red Shift 1.8 The Crucial Influence of the Elec Read More Go to Site George's Relativity Pages Votes:0 George's Relativity Pages Welcome! In these pages I have tried to explain in simple terms the picture of our universe afforded by the Special Theory of Relativity (SR). This is a personal view based on what should be seen as a superficial understanding of SR. My aim is convey a basic understanding of SR using easily visualised examples and a minimum of simple maths and hopefully, this site will develop into a useful layman's introduction as I learn more of the subject. At present, my knowledge does not extend to the General Theory and these pages address only the Special Theory. Much better information than this is available on the web already. Some examples are: Wayne Throop Richard Mentock Matt McIrvin Chris Hillman , especially his selection of links (more as I find them!) And one on GR Read More Go to Site Howstuffworks "How Special Relativity Works" Votes:0 HowStuffWorks.com RSS Make HowStuffWorks your homepage | Get Newsletter Search HowStuffWorks and the web: EXPLANATIONS • Auto • Communication • Computer • Electronics • Entertainment • Food & Recipes • Health • Home & Garden • Money • People • Science – Earth Science – Engineering – Life Science – Military – Physical Science – Space – Supernatural • Travel EXPERT REVIEWS Consumer Guide Auto Consumer Guide Products Mobil Travel Guide PRICES Shop HowStuffWorks REFERENCE Encyclopedia Maps VIDEO STUFF Featured Video BETA HSW Original Videos REFERENCE LINKS Main > Science > Physical Science PRINT EMAIL How Special Relativity Works by John Zavisa Inside This Article 1. Introduction to How Read More Go to Site Lorentz Transformation -- from Wolfram MathWorld Votes:0 Search Site Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics Foundations of Mathematics Geometry History and Terminology Number Theory Probability and Statistics Recreational Mathematics Topology Alphabetical Index Interactive Entries Random Entry New in MathWorld MathWorld Classroom About MathWorld Contribute an Entry --> Send a Message to the Team Order book from Amazon 12,720 entries Tue Oct 23 2007 Calculus and Analysis > Differential Geometry > Tensor Analysis Lorentz Transformation A Lorentz transformation is a four-dimensional transformation (1) satisfied by all four-vectors , where is a so-called Lorentz tensor . Lorentz tensors are restricted by the conditions (2) with the Minkowski metric (Weinberg 1972, p. 26; Misner et al. 1973, p. 68). Here, the ten Read More Go to Site Minkowski Votes:0 Minkowski Space A geometric view of the Lorentz transformation. The moving frame uses the blue coordinates. The lab frame uses the gray coordinates. Coordinate transformations are ubiquitous in physics. Every freshman physics student quickly learns that it is easier to solve a block on an incline plane if the x and y axis are chosen to lie parallel and perpendicular to the incline. A rotation of spatial coordinates doesn't change the physics but it makes the math necessary to do the problem simpler. Much of the physics of the free electron laser is easiest to calculate in the rest frame of the electron. Unfortunately, the electron in traveling close to the speed of light and so the Lorentz transformation derived from the special theory of relativity is needed. We will observe that this tra Read More Go to Site notmyhost.com Votes:0 This page requires frames Read More Go to Site One-map two-clock relativity, from physics/9611011 Votes:0 One-map two-clock relativity for introductory physics classes Abstract T his paper presents some ideas which might assist educators incorporating special relativity into an introductory physics course. One can define the ``proper'' time and velocity, as well as the ``coordinate'' time and velocity, of a traveler using only distances measured with respect to a single ``map'' frame. When this is done, the relativistic equations for momentum, energy, constant acceleration, and force take take on forms strikingly similar to their Newtonian counterparts. Thus high-school and college students not ready for Lorentz transforms may solve relativistic versions of many single-frame Newtonian problems they have mastered. We further show that multi-frame calculations (like the velocity-addition rule) a Read More Go to Site Physics 16: Lecture 1 Votes:0 September 22, 1994 SPECIAL RELATIVITY: LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS Our goal today is to derive the Lorentz transformations which are the foundation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. (Einstein's general theory of relativity, which describes the effects of gravitation, will not be discussed in this class.) Lorentz transformations take the place of Galilean transformations, which are not valid in the special theory. 1. The Constancy of the Speed of Light By the beginning of the twentieth century, it was recognized that the speed of light does not depend on the velocity of the source. How was this known? Astronomers had discovered countless double stars by this time; pairs of stars that rotate around one another due to their mutual attraction. If the speed of light depended on the veloci Read More Go to Site Relativistic Starflight Votes:0 Relativistic Starflight What would it be like to travel in a real starship? It's weirder than Star Trek , but not nearly as fast-paced. xrel depicts, as realistically as possible, the appearance of stars as seen from a starship moving at speeds close to the speed of light. The results are surprising, maybe even counterintuitive, but physically accurate to the limits of my knowledge. Example: Traveling through the Lattice Cluster at 0.5 c You can run xrel yourself, if you have what it takes -- it should run on most UNIX systems with the standard math library and X window system libraries and display on any X terminal or workstation X display. Just get the source code , and read about how to build it and run it on your system. Sample images Each image is a 640x480 GIF, but don't worry -- mos Read More Go to Site Relativity and the Separation Formula Votes:0 Relativity and the Separation Formula The bizarre effects of Special Relativity , introduced by Albert Einstein in 1905, are manifest as time dilation, length contraction, and varying mass. Thus, as an object moves faster, time (t) passes more slowly for it, its length in the direction of motion ( l ) shrinks, and its mass (m) increases. At the velocity of light, time would stand still, length in the direction of motion would shrink to zero, and mass would become infinite. These distortions occur so that the velocity of light will always appear to be a constant (c), regardless of relative motions and one's own inertial frame of reference (i.e. coordinates at a constant velocity). In Einstein's view, this simply preserves the absolute universality of the laws of nature, since the velocity o Read More Go to Site Relativity Tutorial Votes:0 Relativity Tutorial Galilean Relativity Relativity can be described using space-time diagrams . Contrary to popular opinion, Einstein did not invent relativity. Galileo preceded him. Aristotle had proposed that moving objects (on the Earth) had a natural tendency to slow down and stop. This is shown in the space-time diagram below. Note the curved worldline above. This shows a variable velocity, or an acceleration . Galileo objected to Aristotle's hypothesis, and asked what happened to an object moving on a moving ship. Now it is still moving in its final state. Galileo proposed that it is only relative velocities that matter. Thus a space-time diagram can be transformed by painting it on the side of a deck of cards, and then skewing the deck to one side -- but keeping the edges along a st Read More Go to Site relativity, clocks, and football Votes:0 relativity, clocks, and football Recently (in january 1997), this query came up on sci.physics.relativity. (I've inserted my answers in yang444's query, below.) yang444@pacbell.net <32f111da.25817373@news.pacbell.net> The standard scenario: In Inertial Reference Frame (IRF) S, there are observers, O1, O2, etc. all over the place, at rest in S, with synchronized clocks. O1 is at the origin of S. An observer, O', is at rest w.r.t. S', moving w.r.t. IRF S. He is at the origin of S'. As O' passes (coincides with) O1, they both take note that their clocks read t'=0, and t=0, respectively. [] When, later on, O' co-incides with O2, the two observers simultaneously read the two clocks. The questions: Does this experiment make sense? Yes. Do the clocks agree or disagree? The O' and O2 clocks Read More Go to Site Special Relativity Votes:0 Special Relativity These pages are ok as far as they go, but they are missing the planned highlight, to show you what things actually look like when you travel at near the speed of light. I hope to have the opportunity to develop these pages further as time permits. Here is my opinionated Guide to Special Relativistic Flight Simulator Sites . Meanwhile, these pages comprise an animated introduction to the elements of Special Relativity. Some of the fun stuff: Rotating 4D hypercube (46K GIF movie) Rotating spacetime wheel Here's the Lorentz-contracted cartwheel And don't miss Prasenjit Saha's Interactive Lorentz Transformations . &#169 1998, 1999 Andrew Hamilton . These pages last modified 6 Feb 1999. Here's a site history . Forward to The Postulates of Special Relativity Hey, get me back t Read More Go to Site Special Relativity Votes:0 S P E C I A L R E L A T I V I T Y William Taylor The popularity of the special theory of relativity stems from extraordinary predictions about time, distance, mass, Energy and the nature of space. What follows attempts to connect the concepts of time dilation with the equivalence of mass and energy and the concept of four dimensions. Relativity isnt a fact, it is a set of ideas which can be used to interpret the results of experiments and observations and to make predictions in a consistent way, so far it has done so with great accuracy. NOTE: Throughout this essay an assumption that NO ACCELERATION is going on is implicit, consideration of relativistic effects due to acceleration (or vice versa) are the realm of General relativity and Machs Principle (which has nothing to do with the spee Read More Go to Site Special Relativity Votes:0 Special Relativity Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity, proposed in 1905, teaches us about the motion of objects travelling at near the speed of light. Actually, it tells us about objects travelling at any speed, but it only predicts bizarre results for the ultra-fast. The theory has incredible importance in the development of science, but not because knowledge of the ultra-fast is very important. What the theory really teaches us is a new way of looking at the universe, a way which challenges our preconceived notions of what time is and what space is. It teaches us to look very carefully at assumptions that seem so basic and obvious that no one bothers to challenge them. It teaches us a method of examining predictions that can't feasibly be tested experimentally. Galilean Relativity W Read More Go to Site Special Theory of Relativity Votes:0 Table ofContents The Physics Classroom 1-D Kinematics Newton's Laws Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions Momentum and Its Conservation Work, Energy, and Power Circular Motion and Planetary Motion Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity Static Electricity Current Electricity Waves Sound Waves and Music Light Waves and Color Reflection and the Ray Model of Light Refraction and the Ray Model of Light Lesson 1: Relativity - What is it? Fermilab's Time Dilation Challenge. The Basics of Relativity (6 seconds) The Relativity Game - Challenge what you know! Note: For Fermilab's Time Dilation Challenge and The Relativity Game, you need Shockwave. You may painlessly Download Shockwave here if you do not have it. Lesson 2: Time Dilation The equation. Where does that come from? I still don't Read More Go to Site Special theory of relativity Votes:0 Special theory of relativity An inertial fame is a reference frame in which all relative accelerations due to external forces are eliminated. Postulates I. In vacuum, light propagates with respect to any inertial frame and in all directions with the universal speed c. This speed is a constant of nature. II. The laws of nature are the same in all inertial reference frames. The Lorentz transformation Consider two reference frames K and K ’. Assume that the coordinate axes in the two frames are parallel and that the origins of the coordinates coincide at t = t’ = 0 . Assume that K ’ is moving with velocity with respect to K . The Lorentz transformation gives the coordinates of a space-time point ( x 0 ,x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 )=( ct,x,y,z ) in K in terms of its coordinates ( x' 0 ,x' 1 , Read More Go to Site Special-Relativity Votes:0 Special Theory of Relativity relativity (r?l?e-t?v??-t?), physical theory, introduced by Albert Einstein , that discards the concept of absolute motion and instead treats only relative motion between two systems or frames of reference. Space and time are no longer viewed as separate, independent entities but rather as forming a four-dimensional continuum called space-time . In 1905 Einstein enunciated the special theory of relativity , in which the hypothesis that the laws of nature are the same in different moving systems also applies to the propagation of light, so that the measured speed of light is constant for all observers regardless of the motion of the observer or of the source of light . From these hypotheses Einstein reformulated the mathematical equations of physics . In most ph Read More Go to Site Tech Page: Relativistic Effects Votes:0 Technology Page: Relativity Imagine a world where you: could distort time by just driving a car. could ride a plane for 8 hours and come off only 7 hours older. would get heavier if you ran. Well, guess what: All these things are true!!! (sort of) Welcome to the bazaar world of relativity. What is Relativity? The Theories of Relativity are 2 theories in physics that Einstein created in order to explain how Space-Time is distorted. These two theories are Special and General Relativity. Special Relativity, the first, was created to explain how space and time is distorted by the speed of an object. General Relativity was created to explain gravity as an effect of the Space-Time distortion caused by the presence of matter. The theory covered in this section is the special theory, and We will n Read More Go to Site The Special Theory of Relativity Votes:0 B ELIEVE M E N OT! - - A S KEPTICs G UIDE Next: Galilean Transformations Special Relativity Let's briefly recapitulate the situation in 1865: M AXWELL'S E QUATIONS , which correctly described all the phenomena of electromagnetism known in the mid-19 Century (and then some), predicted also that electromagnetic fields should satisfy the WAVE EQUATION - i.e. , by virtue of a changing creating and vice versa , the electric and magnetic fields would be able to "play off each other" and propagate through space in the form of a wave with all the properties of light (or its manifestations in shorter and longer wavelengths, which we also term "light" when discussing electromagnetic waves in general). Fine, so far. But there are some unsettling implications of this "final" explanation of light. Firs Read More Go to Site Twin Paradox Votes:0 TWIN PARADOX The "Twin Paradox" asserts that time dilatation is a physical reality. But how can someone who is returning from a space journey find his twin brother -who has stayed on earth- being older than himself, though Einstein's Special Relativity is based on the premise that no reference system is privileged? That is to say: Why doesn't the other twin brother, too, have the "right" of being the younger one? This article tries to provide an answer. In Special Relativity, a way is found to harmonize two fundamental principles, which seem to be contradict each other at first sight. The first one is the law of constant propagation of light. In its original form, it claims that any observer watches light beams propagating at a velocity c, no matter if the source of lig Read More Go to Site

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