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History of Keeping Time

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		Sundial Figures ^Votes:0 Welcome to UBR, Inc. Quick Search Advanced Search Login Status: You are not currently logged in. Login Now . Text Size: Small Normal Large Extra Large body { font-size: 75% } Home Sundials Sundial Figures Menu Login Register Clocks & Time Air System Tech. BBS Book Publishers Clock & Watch Journals Clock & Watch Museums Clock Publications Horological Books Horology Agencies Clock & Time Software Clocks Home DCG-Mitteilungen (Germany) Education Frequent Questions AFAHA (France) Horological Journal Horological Times Index Mailing Lists NAWCC Sundials British Sundial Society - Societat Catalana de Societat Catalana de Sundial Figures Sundial Journals Sundial Organizations Time & Frequency Stds. Time Synchronization USENET Newsgroups Watch and Clock Review Advanced Search Contact Us Home :: Clo Read More Go to Site


		A Walk Through Time ^Votes:0 A NIST Physics Laboratory Presentation The Evolution of Time Measurement through the Ages Ancient Calendars Early Clocks A Revolution in Timekeeping The "Atomic" Age World Time Scales and Time Zones NIST Time Services Bibliography Version History National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Physics Laboratory Time and Frequency Division (for additional information on time services and standards) Note: This page can be accessed using http://physics.nist.gov/time Online: May 1995 - Last update: April 30, 2002 - cns Read More Go to Site

		Ancient Calendars ^Votes:0 Ancient Calendars Early Clocks A Revolution in Timekeeping The "Atomic" Age World Time Scales and Time Zones NIST Time Services Bibliography Ancient Calendars C elestial bodies the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars have provided us a reference for measuring the passage of time throughout our existence. Ancient civilizations relied upon the apparent motion of these bodies through the sky to determine seasons, months, and years. We know little about the details of timekeeping in prehistoric eras, but wherever we turn up records and artifacts, we usually discover that in every culture, some people were preoccupied with measuring and recording the passage of time. Ice-age hunters in Europe over 20,000 years ago scratched lines and gouged holes in sticks and bones, possibly counting t Read More Go to Site

		Calendar -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Astronomy ^Votes:0 Calendars "> Calendrical Systems Calendar The ancient Egyptians began numbering their years when the star Sirius rose at the same place as the Sun . The Egyptian calendar was the first solar calendar and contained 365 days. These were divided into 12 30-day months and five days of festival (Neugebauer 1969). From astronomical calculations, Sirius and the Sun coincided in 4241 and 2773 BC, so either of these could have served as Egyptian Year 1. The calendar used by the ancient Greeks was based on the Moon , and is known as the Metonic calendar. This calendar was based on the observations of Meton of Athens (ca. 440 BC ), which showed that 235 lunar months made up almost exactly 19 solar years. This 19-year cycle became known as the Metonic cycle . However, given a nominal twelve-month year Read More Go to Site

		Calendars and their History ^Votes:0 This information is reprinted from the Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac , P. Kenneth Seidelmann, editor, with permission from University Science Books, Sausalito, CA 94965. Another place on the WWW to look for calendar information is Calendar Zone. Calendars by L. E. Doggett 1. Introduction A calendar is a system of organizing units of time for the purpose of reckoning time over extended periods. By convention, the day is the smallest calendrical unit of time; the measurement of fractions of a day is classified as timekeeping. The generality of this definition is due to the diversity of methods that have been used in creating calendars. Although some calendars replicate astronomical cycles according to fixed rules, others are based on abstract, perpetually repeating cycle Read More Go to Site

		Days of The Week - How They Were Named - Hartman Essay 24 ^Votes:0 How Days of the Week Got Their Names Paul V. Hartman You may not have learned it elsewhere: We have 7 days in the week because the ancients were aware of seven "heavenly bodies": Sun, Moon, and the five (of the 9) planets which they could see. The Romans were the first to name the days after mythological Gods which had planetary connections, such as Jupiter (chief God), Mars (God of War), and Venus (Goddess of Love). Along the way, and much later, the Germans (aka Angles/Saxons/ Nordics/etc) replaced some of them with a few heavyweights from their own pantheon and so the days (in English) became a mix of planetary objects and Norse Gods. In other Romance languages (derived from Latin, not Germanic) the original (Roman) planetary names are often retained. Thus we have: Sunday From Sun's Day Read More Go to Site

		History Essay 58 - Gregorian Calendar ^Votes:0 The Gregorian Calendar ~~ Paul V. Hartman ~~ A ncient people based their calendars on the cycle of the Moon, which they put at 30 days. Since the actual rotation interval is 29.53 days on average, such calendars were obliged to go out of sync, the usual remedy being to insert a "month" of a certain number of days into the year somewhere. The early Egyptians may have been the first to employ a solar year of 365 days because of those lunar inaccuracies, using 12 months of 30 days with 5 days tacked on as a short month at the end. The early Romans employed a calendar of 10 months of 30 days: Mars, April, May, June, Quintilis (5th), Sextilis (6th), September (7th), October (8th), November (9th), December (10th). In 700 BC, January and February were added at the beginning, yielding a year of 36 Read More Go to Site

		History Essay 70 - Measurement of Time ^Votes:0 The Measurement of Time ~~ Paul V. Hartman ~~ T he first people to keep time noted that certain natural events repeated themselves. Such events became the probable basis for measuring other things which were not cyclic. The most obvious cyclical change apparent to early man was the daily appearance of the sun. Whatever name was given for this phenomenon then, it is now called a "day". A second observation was that it took about 30 of these "days" for the moon to cycle through a complete set of its shape "changes". To this was given a name which meant "month". The division of the day into hours, minutes, and seconds, is attributed to the Babylonians (1900 BC - 1650 BC) - actually, those we refer to as the "Chaldeans" - who were evidently intrigued by multiples of twelve. (1) The Babylonians Read More Go to Site

		Mystical-WWW : Clocks and History ^Votes:0 "A brief history of clocks" 'CLOCK GRID' Ancient Calendars Clocks Sun Clocks Water Clocks Europe & Clocks Mechanical Clocks Quartz Clocks Atomic Clocks Time Out BACK 2 MYSTICAL TIME GRID Our thanks to National Institute of Standards and Technology for the information http://physics.nist.gov/time This page was brought to you by Mystical World Wide Web "http://www.mystical-www.co.uk" Ancient Calendars Historically we have been able to gather only a little knowledge about the methods of time keeping in prehistoric eras, but we do know that in practically every culture just as today, people have been preoccupied with measuring and recording the passage of time. The celestial bodies of the Sun, Moon, Planets and Stars, have allowed ancient civilisations to create systems to provide a measu Read More Go to Site

		Mystical-WWW : Clocks and History ^Votes:0 "A brief history of clocks" 'CLOCK GRID' Ancient Calendars Clocks Sun Clocks Water Clocks Europe & Clocks Mechanical Clocks Quartz Clocks Atomic Clocks Time Out BACK 2 MYSTICAL TIME GRID Our thanks to National Institute of Standards and Technology for the information http://physics.nist.gov/time This page was brought to you by Mystical World Wide Web "http://www.mystical-www.co.uk" Ancient Calendars Historically we have been able to gather only a little knowledge about the methods of time keeping in prehistoric eras, but we do know that in practically every culture just as today, people have been preoccupied with measuring and recording the passage of time. The celestial bodies of the Sun, Moon, Planets and Stars, have allowed ancient civilisations to create systems to provide a measu Read More Go to Site

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