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Associação Nacional de Cruzeiros
Ships of the Discoveries
The Discoveries are considered one of the greatest adventures and achievements of mankind. They were responsible for the development of nautical science, ship construction and of navigation after centuries of wasted time. Before then, ships had oars as main propulsion with sails being used occasionally to take advantage of favorable winds.
It is from the 15th century onwards, with the study and understanding of wind ...
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Last modified on 01/03/01
Maintained by Jennifer Jones H.M.S Challenger
In 1870, Wyville Thomson, Professor of Natural History at Edinburgh University, persuaded the Royal Society of London to ask the British Government to furnish one of Her Majesty's ships for a prolonged voyage of exploration across the oceans of the globe. On 7 December 1872, the expedition put to sea from Sheerness aboard the corvette H.M.S. Challenger.
The vessel was a three-masted square-rigged wooden shi ...
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Education
Links to Related Educational Sites
Ocean Surface Topography from Space
http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/education/
Measuring Ocean Winds from Space
http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/education/
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/education/
Aquarius (future Sea Surface Salinity mission)
http://www.bigelow.org/aquarius/
Education Resources for Oceanography and Ear ...
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Home - Overview - Treasure Talks - Learn More About It - Object Checklist (Current) - Credits
Exhibition Sections: Top Treasures - Memory - Reason - Imagination
Fulton's Submarine
Robert Fulton (1765-1815)
"On Submarine Navigation and Attack"
Bound manuscript, August 1806
Manuscript Division
Gift, 1924 (124.2)
Plunging boat [submarine],
above and below water views
Ink and watercolor on paper, 1806
LC-USZC4-6051
Robert Fulton (1765–1815)
[Submarine above and below water le ...
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Search Literature.org
By This Author:
The Voyage o...
The Origin o...
The Origin o...
The Descent ...
Literature.org:
Contact
The Voyage of the Beagle
Charles Darwin
Preface
Chapter 1 - St. Jago -- Cape de Verd Islands
Chapter 2 - Rio de Janeiro
Chapter 3 - Maldonado
Chapter 4 - Rio Negro to Bahia Blanca
Chapter 5 - Bahia Blanca
Chapter 6 - Bahia Blanca to Buenos Ayres
Chapter 7 - Buenos Ayres and St. Fe
Chapter 8 - Banda Oriental and Patagonia ...
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Maps and Navigation
If you want to be a good sailor, you will need to know about maps and navigation. You will have to be able to read maps with latitude and longitude and navigate through currents and winds. Not only that, but you will have to use navigational tools to direct your ship through the currents and winds. You will have to be precise with your navigating or you may end up hundreds of miles off course!
Sextant ChronometerBearing CircleSunboardSemi-Wheel
Lead LineWeather V ...
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Deep-Sea Machines
by Jennifer Uscher
Bathysphere
The bathysphere -- bathys is Greek for "deep" -- was developed in the early 1930s by William Beebe and Otis Barton, two explorers from the New York Zoological Society. It was a 4,500-pound hollow steel ball about five feet in diameter,which was raised and lowered from a ship by a cable. Electrical connections powered its oxygen system and searchlight. Air came from oxygen tanks fitted to the interior, with trays of powde ...
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Charting Neptune's Realm:
From Classical Mythology to Satellite Imagery
An exhibition at the Osher Map Library and Smith Center for Cartographic Education, University of Southern Maine, Portland, 4 April 2000 to 11 January 2001
Donald S. Johnson, guest curator
Everyone is familiar with maps and the information they contain, but few are aware of the nautical chart with its special characteristics and iconography. In the absence of land, one piece of water looks like any other, leadi ...
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SHIPBUILDING AND NAVIGATION in Ancient India
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In Ancient India there existed a strange belief that if any Hindu crossed the seas, he would lose his religion. When and why this belief came into being is not known. But taking a close look at out nation's maritime history we find evidence of a very large number of Indians who should have had lost their religion as they had crossed the seas ...
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Compass, China, 220 BCE
by Susan Silverman AC
Earliest records show a spoon shaped compass made of lodestone or magnetite ore, referred to as a "South-pointer" dating back to sometime during the Han Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE). The spoon-shaped instrument was placed on a cast bronze plate called a "heaven-plate" or diviner's board that had the eight trigrams (Pa Gua) of the I Ching, as well as the 24 directions (based on the constellations), and the 28 lunar mansions (base ...
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The Astrolabe
An instrument with a past and a future
This page provides a very general overview of astrolabe principles. Links are provided to other pages with more details. The astrolabe in the picture was made by the French scientist and craftsman Jean Fusoris in about 1400 (photo courtesy Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum). Click on the image to display a biographical sketch of the maker and large pictures of the front (121K) and back (51K) of the instrument. You can also download The ...
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1998 Year of the Ocean
THE LEGENDARY OCEAN¾ THE UNEXPLORED FRONTIER
Contents
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYL-2
2.SEAS OF LEGENDS, LIFE, AND DISCOVERYL-3
3.A LONG HISTORY OF OCEANIC EXPLORATIONL-3
4.TECHNOLOGY FOR DISCOVERYL-5
5.THE WEALTH AND WONDER OF THE OCEANSL-7
6.NAVIGATING THE FUTUREL-9
7.THE FUTUREL-12
8.REFERENCESL-12
This Year of the Ocean document was prepared as a background discussion paper and does not necessarily reflect the policies of the U.S. Go ...
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Wayfinding:
In the Middle of the Pacific
This site is best viewed in 256 colorsor better
Ancient Hawaiian NavigationGame
Life on The Hawaiian Voyaging CanoesReferences
Navigating with the StarsAuthor's Page
Mahalo ThinkQuest Jr.Guest Book
Illustration used with permission byHerb Kawainui Kane, February 1998
Send use-mail! tqjr3542@advanced.org
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ELEMENTS OF OCEANOGRAPHY
TOPIC 2 - HISTORY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
Overheads:
Ancient Uses of the Oceans
Egyptian and Mesopotamian Cultures and early trade (~3200 BC)
Minoans as the first true maritime power (~2000 BC-1200 BC)
Phoenician and Greek colonization of the Mediterranean (~1200 BC - 400 BC)
Polynesian colonization of South Pacific Islands (~4000 BC - 1000 AD)
Early Developments in our Understanding of the Oceans - I
Early Greek ideas about oceans and marine life.
Origin of scien ...
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UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM of Archaeology and Anthropology
presents
Is there a primitive mentality essentially
different from a civilized one?
Or do people learn and mentally organize their experience in similar ways in spite of differences in their cultures and in the content of what they have to learn?
We know that all people, if raised in the appropriate environment, prove capable of learning to speak any language and to think and operate effectively in the context of any ...
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Centuries before European explorers ventured beyond their shorelines, the ancestors of today's Polynesians had sailed to every habitable island in the far corners of the Pacific. This ancient Polynesian sea voyaging tradition comes to life again in "Wayfinders: A Pacific Odyssey."
This Web site companion begins where the program ends. Begin your online journey by investigating the film's major themes and subjects in greater depth. Learn more about Pac ...
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